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Title: Research and Management of Aquatic Species: Are We Working at The Same Spatial and Temporal Scales?

Abstract: Effective aquatic species management depends on research conducted at spatial and temporal scales relevant to management and policy decisions. Using Great Lakes case studies including ballast-mediated invasive species spread, Grass Carp control, dam removal, and species reintroductions, I examine where research and management scales align and where mismatches limit effectiveness. The examples demonstrate that successful science-management partnerships require researchers and managers to define the scale of the problem, the scale of available management actions, and the time needed to evaluate outcomes. Better alignment of these scales can improve the translation of ecological research into effective management and policy.